The value of memory.
happened today: 26 September
was the year: 1944
was the year: 1944
Italy is a strange country: remember what they want and forget what is convenient.
task of the historian is, therefore, bring to light events that you would like to bury in the area of 'shadow of memory.
Among the events just mentioned, for one reason or another, there is one that is closely related to my land and its people: the area of \u200b\u200bBassano del Grappa.
early September 1944, in a broad anti-partisan action, the German commander Kesselring ordered the "reclamation" of the territories of Grappa, a strategically important area for the Germans.
Grappa massif, part of the Alps, is in a kind of square with the leaders of four major population centers, looks like this:
ARSI '(north west), Feltre (north east), giving access to Valsugana
BASSANO (south west); MONTEBELLUNA (south east), giving access to the valley of the Po and Piave area.
The Grappa was therefore an ideal area to access, in short, all the north-east of Italy. From Grappa Bassano, Bassano and Padua, from Montebelluna Grappa, and here in Treviso - Venice - Adriatic Sea. Grappa and then by the Valsugana Trento - Bolzano - Brenner - Germany.
In that area were operating the Brigade Gramsci (born after the death of Colonel Zancanaro, who was killed by the Nazis in June 1944). Antonio Gramsci was the Garibaldi Brigade partisans inside the joint and Catholics by Catholic from Feltre. It was composed of roughly five hundred patriots, divided into five battalions (Zancanaro, Battisti, Gherla, Da Min and Montegrappa). Summer arrived to count nearly a thousand members.
In late summer of '44, the Socialists remained the Grappa Matteotti, the Garibaldi Brigade " Montegrappa " of Gramsci, and two smaller brigades: "Free Italy - Piave", " Italy Free Cross Field ", named after an area of \u200b\u200bGrappa.
Kesselring ordered the raid. The operations planned for a week, lasted only two days, were employed about 10,000 men, joined by soldiers of the Legion "M Tagliamento" from Black Brigade of Vicenza and Treviso and volunteers of the National Guard Republic.
The results of the raid were terrible. Entire villages were burned, killed the livestock, ruined crops, burned all the barns. Were killed numerous civilians and partisans. The exact number is unknown. There were, contrary to the historical reconstruction of the war, epic battles, but gun battles, chases, summary killings of surrendered. There was talk of 600 shot, but it is now certified. The real massacre took place later in raid concluded, by the partisans stragglers arrested, beaten to death, who picked up the seat belt stretched around the Grappa.
On September 26, Bassano del Grappa, were hanged 31 young patriots, who were arrested in the days earlier. Were loaded onto a truck, hands tied with wire behind his back and a sign around his neck ("Notice"). A young soldier fascist put the neck of the prisoner made a noose with a telephone cord, attached to the mast of the main avenue of Bassano del Grappa. An abrupt and accelerated the partisan left hanging tree.
31 stops, 31 loops with the phone cord, 31 accelerated. And the bodies left hanging for 22 hours, between the jokes and insults the boys of the fascists. Mussolini himself, when he heard about it, she was alarmed.
were shot, then, 19 other patriots, and many others were deported to Polish concentration camps from which few returned, after the war.
There were, in the post-process worthy of the name. German leaders were not prosecuted. There was, in Treviso, a process militates against the fascists, but it was distorted, like all processes of war, the desire to forget, and were in various ways, amnesty.
Who ordered the massacre was discovered, thanks to three brave historians: Sonia Residori, Lorenzo Capovilla, Federico Maisano. Managers:
SS Lieutenant Herbert Andorfer, born 1911, Linz (Austria)
SS corporal Karl-Franz Tausch, born in 1922, of Olmuetz (Czech Republic)
Espresso journalist Paul Tessadri has discovered where he lived, yet , in Langen, near Frankfurt.
Tausch committed suicide last year, September 25, 2008, exactly 64 years dall'eccidio.
Last night, in Fontana, former Senator Emilio Pegoraro, then partisan of Gramsci, recalled those horrible pages and wanted to pay homage to the heirs of the families of farmers who have hidden, endangering their lives, escape the raids.
Recommended Books:
Various Authors - The process of mopping up the fascists del Grappa. Court of Assizes of extraordinary Treviso (1947) - ED. ISTRECO -
2004
Also:
Sonia Residori, the slaughter del Grappa, Istrevi - Cierre editions.